Interpersonal communication:
When communication happen between two or more people (especially when two persons communicating). Also called dynamic communication.
Intra-personal communication:
When we talk to overselves without saying anything loud.
Public communication Vs. mass communication:
1. In public communication, sender and receiver are together and hence two-way communication is possible. However, in mass communication, sender and receiver are not present in the same room. Hence it is only one-way communication.
2. In public communication, audience is present in a few numbers to some hundreds. Sender can assess the needs of the receivers. However, in mass communication, audience is very large and hence it is very difficult for the sender to assess receivers' needs.
Vertical communication Vs. Horizontal communication:
Vertical communication is upward and downward communication in an organisation. It is obvious that downward communication is sent from top bosses to lower ranked employees. Similarly upward communication happens when lower ranked employees send communication to top management of the company.
Horizontal communication is also called sideways or lateral communication. It occurs between departments/employees of equal rank.
Stereotypes/stereotyping:
Beliefs about members of a group based on learned opinions rather than information about a specific individual.
Two-step flow:
Theory which asserts that information from media is processed first by opinion leaders who then pass it along via interpersonal channels.
Whistle-blowing:
Insiders telling the media what they know about improper practices by others, usually in the same company, with the hope of improving the situation.
Narrowcasting:
Producing and designing media content in order to target a highly specific segment of the audience. Narrowcasting is often practiced by magazines, radio stations and cablecasters. Opposite of broadcasting.
Personal Broadcasting:
The act of individuals producing and designing content and making it available to others via digital media. Examples can include blogs and video clips available on YouTube.
Podcasting:
A method for delivering audio or video files to users who subscribe to them.
Really Simple Syndication (RSS):
A web feed that delivers frequently updated content to users who have subscribed to it, for example, headlines from a website that specializes in news content.
Wiki:
A collaborative website that allows anyone who has access to it to add and edit content. Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is an example of a wiki.
Mediated communication:
messages conveyed through an interposed device rather than face-to-face.
Minimal-effects model:
Model that predicts that media will have little influence on behavior.
Third person effect:
The belief that media affects other people more than yourself.
Vanity press:
A publisher that requires its authors to pay the full cost of producing their own books.
Blurb:
Brief laudatory comments that can be placed on the cover of a book/publication.
Inverted pyramid:
News style that packs the most important information into the first paragraph.
Tabloids:
Newspapers characterized by a smaller size than a standard newspaper, a single fold, and abundant photographs.
Yellow journalism:
A style of reporting characterized by unprecedented sensationalism; it reached its peak in the Hearst-Pulitzer circulation wars of the 1890s.
Alternative press:
Publications that provide a different viewpoint on the news, usually one that is politically radical or otherwise out of the mainstream.
Muckraking:
Investigative journalism conducted with the goal of bringing about social reform.
Op-ed:
A newspaper page opposite the editorial page, devoted to personal comment, feature articles, etc.
Chronemics:
The study of how people perceive, structure, and use time as communication
Dramatistic pentad:
Means of analyzin rhetoric in context through looking at the five factors (pentad) of act (what was done), agent (by whom it was done), scene (where it was done), agency (by what means it was done), and purpose (the goal that guided the action)
Gangplank:
Horizontal chain of communication between employees on the same hierarchical level but in different departments.
Gatekeeper:
Any person (or group) who controls what media material eventually reaches the public. Gatekeeping is the term used when certain messages are allowed to pass through and others are blocked.
Glass ceiling:
A barrier preventing females from reaching top positions in many organizations
Grapevine:
An organization's informal channels of communication, based mainly on friendship or acquaintance,
Halo effect:
The tendency for our overall impressions of others to affect objective evaluations of their specific traits; perceiving high correlations between characteristics that may be unrelated.
Kinesics:
Sometimes referred to as "body language"; any movement of the face or body that communicates a message.
Plagiarism:
Use of another person's information, language, or ideas without citing the originator and making it appear that the user is the originator.
Prototype
An organized understanding of what the defining qualities are of some category of people, events, objects, or situations
Red herring:
A fallacy that uses irrelevant information to divert attention away from the real issue.
Technophile:
Literally, a lover of technology.
Two-step flow:
Theory which asserts that information from media is processed first by opinion leaders who then pass it along via interpersonal channels.
Cultivation:
Cumulative process by which television fosters beliefs about social reality including the belief that the world is more dangerous and violent than it actually is.
Culture shock:
The tendency for people to become confused and disoriented as they find it difficult to become adjusted to a new culture.
Decoding:
Process of translating a message into the thoughts or feelings that were communicated.
Encoding:
Process by which the source expresses thoughts or feelings in words, sounds, and physical expressions, which together make up the actual message that is sent.
Glass ceiling:
A barrier preventing females from reaching top positions in many organizations.
Hot media:
McLuhan's term for relatively complete media that do not require significant human participation.
Magic bullet theory:
Influential early perspective on media effects; held that media caused direct and measurable effects on individuals in the mass audience.
Meta-communication:
The process of communicating about communication.
Metaphor:
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase relates one object or idea to another object or idea that are not commonly linked together.
MUM effect:
The reluctance to transmit bad news, shown either by not transmitting the message at all, or by delegating the task to someone else.
Paralanguage:
Vocal (but nonverbal) dimension of speech; the manner in which something is said rather than what is said. The way we vocalize, or say, the words we speak.
Plagiarism:
Use of another person's information, language, or ideas without citing the originator and making it appear that the user is the originator.
Primary public:
The group of people an organization ultimately hopes to influence or gain approval from.
When communication happen between two or more people (especially when two persons communicating). Also called dynamic communication.
Intra-personal communication:
When we talk to overselves without saying anything loud.
Public communication Vs. mass communication:
1. In public communication, sender and receiver are together and hence two-way communication is possible. However, in mass communication, sender and receiver are not present in the same room. Hence it is only one-way communication.
2. In public communication, audience is present in a few numbers to some hundreds. Sender can assess the needs of the receivers. However, in mass communication, audience is very large and hence it is very difficult for the sender to assess receivers' needs.
Vertical communication Vs. Horizontal communication:
Vertical communication is upward and downward communication in an organisation. It is obvious that downward communication is sent from top bosses to lower ranked employees. Similarly upward communication happens when lower ranked employees send communication to top management of the company.
Horizontal communication is also called sideways or lateral communication. It occurs between departments/employees of equal rank.
Stereotypes/stereotyping:
Beliefs about members of a group based on learned opinions rather than information about a specific individual.
Two-step flow:
Theory which asserts that information from media is processed first by opinion leaders who then pass it along via interpersonal channels.
Whistle-blowing:
Insiders telling the media what they know about improper practices by others, usually in the same company, with the hope of improving the situation.
Narrowcasting:
Producing and designing media content in order to target a highly specific segment of the audience. Narrowcasting is often practiced by magazines, radio stations and cablecasters. Opposite of broadcasting.
Personal Broadcasting:
The act of individuals producing and designing content and making it available to others via digital media. Examples can include blogs and video clips available on YouTube.
Podcasting:
A method for delivering audio or video files to users who subscribe to them.
Really Simple Syndication (RSS):
A web feed that delivers frequently updated content to users who have subscribed to it, for example, headlines from a website that specializes in news content.
Wiki:
A collaborative website that allows anyone who has access to it to add and edit content. Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is an example of a wiki.
Mediated communication:
messages conveyed through an interposed device rather than face-to-face.
Minimal-effects model:
Model that predicts that media will have little influence on behavior.
Third person effect:
The belief that media affects other people more than yourself.
Vanity press:
A publisher that requires its authors to pay the full cost of producing their own books.
Blurb:
Brief laudatory comments that can be placed on the cover of a book/publication.
Inverted pyramid:
News style that packs the most important information into the first paragraph.
Tabloids:
Newspapers characterized by a smaller size than a standard newspaper, a single fold, and abundant photographs.
Yellow journalism:
A style of reporting characterized by unprecedented sensationalism; it reached its peak in the Hearst-Pulitzer circulation wars of the 1890s.
Alternative press:
Publications that provide a different viewpoint on the news, usually one that is politically radical or otherwise out of the mainstream.
Muckraking:
Investigative journalism conducted with the goal of bringing about social reform.
Op-ed:
A newspaper page opposite the editorial page, devoted to personal comment, feature articles, etc.
Chronemics:
The study of how people perceive, structure, and use time as communication
Dramatistic pentad:
Means of analyzin rhetoric in context through looking at the five factors (pentad) of act (what was done), agent (by whom it was done), scene (where it was done), agency (by what means it was done), and purpose (the goal that guided the action)
Gangplank:
Horizontal chain of communication between employees on the same hierarchical level but in different departments.
Gatekeeper:
Any person (or group) who controls what media material eventually reaches the public. Gatekeeping is the term used when certain messages are allowed to pass through and others are blocked.
Glass ceiling:
A barrier preventing females from reaching top positions in many organizations
Grapevine:
An organization's informal channels of communication, based mainly on friendship or acquaintance,
Halo effect:
The tendency for our overall impressions of others to affect objective evaluations of their specific traits; perceiving high correlations between characteristics that may be unrelated.
Kinesics:
Sometimes referred to as "body language"; any movement of the face or body that communicates a message.
Plagiarism:
Use of another person's information, language, or ideas without citing the originator and making it appear that the user is the originator.
Prototype
An organized understanding of what the defining qualities are of some category of people, events, objects, or situations
Red herring:
A fallacy that uses irrelevant information to divert attention away from the real issue.
Technophile:
Literally, a lover of technology.
Two-step flow:
Theory which asserts that information from media is processed first by opinion leaders who then pass it along via interpersonal channels.
Cultivation:
Cumulative process by which television fosters beliefs about social reality including the belief that the world is more dangerous and violent than it actually is.
Culture shock:
The tendency for people to become confused and disoriented as they find it difficult to become adjusted to a new culture.
Decoding:
Process of translating a message into the thoughts or feelings that were communicated.
Encoding:
Process by which the source expresses thoughts or feelings in words, sounds, and physical expressions, which together make up the actual message that is sent.
Glass ceiling:
A barrier preventing females from reaching top positions in many organizations.
Hot media:
McLuhan's term for relatively complete media that do not require significant human participation.
Magic bullet theory:
Influential early perspective on media effects; held that media caused direct and measurable effects on individuals in the mass audience.
Meta-communication:
The process of communicating about communication.
Metaphor:
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase relates one object or idea to another object or idea that are not commonly linked together.
MUM effect:
The reluctance to transmit bad news, shown either by not transmitting the message at all, or by delegating the task to someone else.
Paralanguage:
Vocal (but nonverbal) dimension of speech; the manner in which something is said rather than what is said. The way we vocalize, or say, the words we speak.
Plagiarism:
Use of another person's information, language, or ideas without citing the originator and making it appear that the user is the originator.
Primary public:
The group of people an organization ultimately hopes to influence or gain approval from.
