UGC-NET Computer Science: September 2015

Monday, September 7, 2015

Indian Polity Facts: Lok Sabha

Friends!

Continuing with the study material for UGC NET Paper 1, here, I am presenting some useful facts about Lok Sabha of our Parliament. These facts may be useful for the questions on Indian Polity (for paper 1)->

1. The current Lok Sabha is is 16th, after sixteenth General Elections.

2. Indian Lok Sabha consist of 545 members. 543 members are elected through a democratic process organized by Election Commission of India in every 5 years. 2 Members are directly elected by President of India from Anglo Indian Community.

3. The current Lok Sabha has 543 members.

4. The first Session of the First Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.

5. Shri G.V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha

6. Shri G.V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha

7. The Lok Sabha, as per the Constitution, consists of not more than 530 members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, not more than 20 members to represent the Union Territories.

8. The quorum to constitute a sitting of the House is one-tenth of the total number of Members of the House under article 100(3) of the Constitution.

9. The present Speaker of the Lok Sabha is Smt. Sumitra Mahajan.

10. The Prime Minister is the leader of the House in Lok Sabha.

11. The minimum age to become a Member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years.

12. A Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.

13. If a Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha and transmitted to the Rajya Sabha is not returned to the Lok Sabha within the period of fourteen days, it is deemed to have been passed by both Houses at the expiration of the said period.

14. In legislative matters, both the Houses enjoy almost equal powers except in the case of Money Bills.

15. A joint sitting of both Houses is convened by the President for resolving a deadlock situation (a situation when a Bill passed by one House is rejected by the other House.)

16. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting of the two Houses.

17. Normally three Sessions of the Lok Sabha are held in a year, viz.,

Budget Session: February - May
Autumn or Monsoon Session: July - August
Winter Session: November - December

18. "Adjournment" is a postponement of the sitting or proceedings of the House from one time to another.

adjourned "sine die" which means the termination of a sitting of the House without any definite date being fixed for its next sitting.

19. "Prorogation" means the termination of a Session of the House by an order made by the President under article 85(2)(a) of the Constitution.

20. "Dissolution" of the House means the end of the life of the Lok Sabha either by an order made by the President under article 85 (2) (b) of the Constitution or on the expiration of the period of five years.

21. A Bill is a draft legislative proposal before the House. It becomes an Act only when passed by both the Houses of Parliament and assented to by the President.

22. `motion' in parliamentary parlance means any formal proposal made to the House by a Member for the purpose of eliciting a decision of the House.

Computer Questions for CBSE -UGC NET Paper I

Computer Questions UGC NET Paper I

In this post, I am sharing the questions on Computer (ICT) topic from previous UGC NET papers. For the benefit of readers, I have also explained the answers of tricky questions.

Best of Luck for December '15 Examination!!

1 Which number system is usually followed in a typical 32-bit computer ?

(A) 2 (B) 8

2 Which one of the following is an example of Operating System ?

(A) Microsoft Word (B) Microsoft Excel

3 Which one of the following represent the binary equivalent of the decimal number 23 ?

(A) 01011 (B) 10111

4 Which one of the following is different from other members ?

(A) Google (B) Windows

5 Where does a computer add and compare its data ?

(A) CPU (B) Memory

6 Computers on an internet are identified by

(A) e-mail address (B) street address

7 Which one of the following is not an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

(A) MTNL (B) BSNL

8 The hexadecimal number system consists of the symbols

(A) 0 – 7 (B) 0 – 9 , A – F

9 The binary equivalent of (–15) in Decimal form is (2’s complement system is used)

(A) 11110001 (B) 11110000

10 1 GB is equal to

(A) 2³⁰bits (B) 2³⁰bytes

11 The set of computer programs that manage the hardware/software of a computer is called

(A) Compiler system (B) Operation system

12 S/MIME in Internet technology stands for

(A) Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

(B) Secure Multimedia Internet Mail Extension

(D) Simple Multimedia Internet Mail Extension

13 The octal number system consists of the following symbols :

(A) 0 – 7 (B) 0 – 9

14 The binary equivalent of (–19)10 in signed magnitude system is

(A) 11101100 (B) 11101101

15. DNS in internet technology stands for

(A) Dynamic Name System

(B) Domain Name System

(D) None of these

16. HTML stands for

(A) Hyper Text Markup Language

(B) Hyper Text Manipulation Language

(D) Hyper Text Manipulating Links

17. Which of the following is type of LAN ?

(A) Ethernet

(B) Token Ring

(D) All of the above

Answers:

1. A (A digital computer follows only one number system-Binary whose base is 2)

2. D (Rest all are MS-Office applications)

3. B (Read this post on conversion from one number system to another for explanation)

4. A (Rest all are operating systems)

5. A

6. C (All computers, mobiles connected to Internet have an IP address to identify them)

7. D

8. B (Read this post for explanation)

9. C (Read this post on conversion from one number system to another for explanation)

10. A
(1 KB is equal to 1024 bytes, which is equal to 2^10, 1 MB = 1024 KB, which is 2^20, 1 GB=1024 MB, which is 2^30. 1 TB=1024 GB, which is 2^40)

11. C

12. A

13. A (Read this post for explanation)

14. C (Read this post on conversion from one number system to another for explanation)

15. B
16. A
17. D

Questions from Dec '11 Paper:

1. Which of the following operating system is used on mobile phones ?

(A) Windows Vista

(B) Android

(D) All of the above

2. If (y)x represents a number y in base x, then which of the following numbers is smallest of all ?

(A) (1111)
2 (B) (1111)8

3. High level programming language can be converted to machine language using which of the following ?

(A) Oracle (B) Compiler (C) Mat lab (D) Assembler

4. HTML is used to create

(A) machine language program

(B) high level program

(D) web server

5. The term DNS stands for

(A) Domain Name System

(B) Defense Nuclear System

(D) Dependent Name Server

6. IPv4 and IPv6 are addresses used to identify computers on the internet. Find the correct statement out of the following :

(A) Number of bits required for IPv4 address is more than number of bits required for IPv6 address.

(B) Number of bits required for IPv4 address is same as number of bits required for IPv6 address.

(D) Number of bits required for IPv4 address is 64.

Answers:
1. B
2. A (Smaller base always has smaller value for similar digits)
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C

Questions from June '12 Paper:

1. Each character on the keyboard of computer has an ASCII value which stands for

(A) American Stock Code for Information Interchange

(B) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(D) Adaptable Standard Code for Information Change

2. Which of the following is not a programming language?

(A) Pascal

(B) Microsoft Office

(D) C++

3. Minimum number of bits required to store any 3 digit decimal number is equal to

(A) 3

(B) 5

(D) 10

4. Internet explorer is a type of

(A) Operating System

(B) Compiler

(D) IP address

5. POP3 and IMAP are e-mail accounts in which

(A) One automatically gets one’s mail everyday

(B) One has to be connected to the server to read or write one’s mail

(D) One does not need any telephone lines

Answers: 1. B
2. B
3. D (The biggest number of 3 digits is 999. To convert it into binary, we will need at least 10 binary digits since 2^10=1024 in decimal and 2^8=256 in decimal. So rest of choices are wrong.
4. C
5. C

Questions from June '13 paper:

1. ‘www’ stands for

(A) work with web

(B) word wide web

(D) worth while web

2. A hard disk is divided into tracks which is further subdivided into

(A) Clusters

(B) Sectors

(D) Heads

3. A computer program that translates a program statement by statement into machine language is called a/an

(A) Compiler

(B) Simulator

(D) Interpreter

4. A Gigabyte is equal to

(A) 1024 Megabytes

(B) 1024 Kilobytes

(D) 1024 Bytes

5. A Compiler is software which converts

(A) characters to bits

(B) high level language to machine language

(D) words to bits

6. Virtual memory is

(A) an extremely large main memory.

(B) an extremely large secondary memory.

(D) a type of memory used in super computers.
Answers:
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. A (1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB)
5. B
6. C (Virtual memory is a technique used by Operating System to treat a portion of hard disk as memory to fit large no. of applications for execution. Since physical memory is not increased, virtual memory is in hard disk and not in RAM. Hence, it is just an illusion of large memory)

Questions from Dec '13 Paper:

1. The initial efforts for internet based communication was for

(A) Commercial communication

(B) Military purposes

(D) Political campaigns

2. Internal communication within institutions is done through

(A) LAN

(B) WAN

(D) MMS

3. Virtual reality provides

(A) Sharp pictures

(B) Individual audio

(D) Preview of new films

4. Which of the following is a social network ?

(A) amazon.com

(B) eBay

(D) Twitter

5. The first virtual university of India came up in
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Tamil Nadu

Answers:

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. D

5. B (Mumbai University in Maharashtra was the first in India to get Harvard-style virtual classroom in 2013)

Questions from June '14 Paper:

1. When a computer is booting, BIOS is loaded to the memory by

(A) RAM
(B) ROM
(C) CD-ROM
(D) TCP

2. Which one of the following is not the same as the other three ?

(A) MAC address

(B) Hardware address

(D) IP address

3. Identify the IP address from the following :

(A) 300.215.317.3

(B) 302.215@ 417.5

(D) 202 – 50 – 20 – 148

4. The acronym FTP stands for

(A) File Transfer Protocol

(B) Fast Transfer Protocol

(D) File Transfer Procedure

5. Which one of the following is not a/an image/graphic file format ?

(A) PNG
(B) GIF
(C) BMP

(D) GUI

6. The first web browser is

(A) Internet Explorer

(B) Netscape

(D) Firefox
Answers:
1. B (BIOS is a program loaded by ROM into RAM)
2. D (First 3 refer to same kind of address)
3. C (According to IPv4 specification, an IP address is a group of 4 decimal values, each separated by "." character. The valid range of each value is 0-255)
4. A
5. D (GUI means Graphical User Interface, which refers to the type of user interaction with a computer/gadget)
6. C

Questions from Dec'14 Paper:

1. Which one of the following is not a search engine ?

(A) Google

(B) Chrome

(D) Bing

2. CSS stands for

(A) Cascading Style Sheets

(B) Collecting Style Sheets

(D) Comprehensive Style Sheets

3. MOOC stands for

(A) Media Online Open Course

(B) Massachusetts Open Online Course

(D) Myrind Open Online Course

4. Binary equivalent of decimal number 35 is

(A) 100011

(B) 110001

(D) 101011

5. gif, jpg, bmp, png are used as extensions for files which store

(A) audio data

(B) image data

(D) text data

6. Symbols A-F are used in which one of the following ?

(A) Binary number system

(B) Decimal number system

(D) Octal number system

Answers:

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C

Paper 1 Notes Series: Number systems (ICT)

Friends!

As I mentioned in one of my previous posts, there will be 6 questions on ICT (Information & Communication technology). Most of times, there are 1-2 questions on the topic of number systems and conversions between different numbers systems. Here, I am going to guide you about how to solve these questions without difficulty.

Read on....
What is number system?

Number system is a way to represent numbers. There are 2 kinds of systems-1. Non-positional 2. Positional. The best example of non-positional system is Roman number system. In a positional system, a value of each digit in a number can be determined using
1. The digit
2. The position of the digit in the number
3. The base of the number system ("base" is the total number of digits available in the number system).

The examples of positional system are:

Binary (Base 2. Digits used : 0, 1)
Octal (Base 8. Digits used : 0 to 7)
Decimal (Base 10. Digits used : 0 to 9)
Hexadecimal (Base 16. Digits used : 0 to 9, Letters used : A- F)

Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. The successive positions to the left of the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands and so on.

Each position in a positional number system represents a "x" power of the base (e.g. 2). Example 2^x where x represents the last position - 1. Similar rule can be applied to Octal and Hexadecimal also.

NOTE: The understanding of the above rules will help you in learning how to convert a number from one base to the another.

There are many methods or techniques which can be used to convert numbers from one base to another. For example:

Decimal to Other Base System
Other Base System to Decimal
Other Base System to Non-Decimal
Shortcut method - Binary to Octal
Shortcut method - Octal to Binary
Shortcut method - Binary to Hexadecimal
Shortcut method - Hexadecimal to Binary

The easiest way to understand how the conversion techniques work is to learn a few basic tricks:-

1. When converting a decimal number to others, apply division method

2. When converting a non-decimal number to decimal, apply addition method.

3. Under addition method, we first obtain the value of RHS by first multiplying it with base raised to power X, then adding it with the value at next position.

4. Under division method, we always divide the number in question with the base of the target number system. Its steps are:

Step 1 - Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the target base.

Step 2 - Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of new base number.

Step 3 - Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base.

Step 4 - Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number.

Repeat the above steps till the number becomes less than the base of the target. In this case, we will stop when number becomes 1, which is less than the divisor.

1. Here, we give an example of conversion from decimal to binary:

Step	Operation	Result	Remainder
Step 1	35 / 2	17	1
Step 2	17 / 2	8	1
Step 3	8 / 2	4	0
Step 4	4 / 2	2	0
Step 5	2 / 2	1	0
Step 6	1/2	0	1

Now, arrange the remainder in the reverse order so that the first remainder becomes the least significant digit (LSD) and the last remainder becomes the most significant digit (MSD).

Thus the binary of 35 is 100011_2.

The similar steps will be applied when you convert a decimal no. to octal or hexadecimal. The only thing that will change will be the divisor, i.e. it will be the base of target number system.

2. Now, steps for converting From other base system to Decimal System

Step 1 - Determine the column (positional) value of each digit, starting from the rightmost digit first.

Step 2 - Multiply the digit with the base raised to power X (starting from 0, then increment it by 1 at each digit position of source number system.)

Step 3 - Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in decimal.

_{Here is an example to make it simple to understand.}

_{We take the same number we obtained in previous example, i.e. 100011 to convert it back into decimal:}

Step	Binary Number	Decimal Number
Step 1	100011₂	( (1 x 2⁵) + (0 x 2⁴) + (0 x 2³) + (0 x 2²) + (1 x 2¹) + (1 x 2⁰))₁₀
Step 2	100011₂	(32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1)₁₀
Step 3	100011₂	35₁₀

3. When converting from other Base Systems to Non-Decimal System, steps will be a little different.

Step 1 - Convert the original number to a decimal number (base 10).

Step 2 - Convert the decimal number so obtained to the new base number. Example:

Octal Number : 25₈

Calculating Binary Equivalent:

Step 1 : Convert to Decimal

Step	Octal Number	Decimal Number
Step 1	25₈	((2 x 8¹) + (5 x 8⁰))₁₀
Step 2	25₈	(16 + 5 )₁₀
Step 3	25₈	21₁₀

Octal Number : 25₈ = Decimal Number : 21₁₀

Step 2 : Convert Decimal to Binary

Step	Operation	Result	Remainder
Step 1	21 / 2	10	1
Step 2	10 / 2	5	0
Step 3	5 / 2	2	1
Step 4	2 / 2	1	0
Step 5	1 / 2	0	1

Decimal Number : 21₁₀ = Binary Number : 10101₂

Octal Number : 25₈ = Binary Number : 10101₂

4. Shortcut method - Binary to Octal

Step 1 - Divide the binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).

Step 2 - Convert each group of three binary digits to one octal digit.

Example: Binary Number: 10101₂

Calculating Octal Equivalent:

Step	Binary Number	Octal Number
Step 1	10101₂	010 101
Step 2	10101₂	2₈ 5₈
Step 3	10101₂	25₈

Binary Number: 10101₂ = Octal Number : 25₈

_{5. Shortcut method - Octal to Binary}

Step 1 - Convert each octal digit to a 3 digit binary number (the octal digits may be treated as decimal for this conversion).

Step 2 - Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 3 digits each) into a single binary number.

Example: Octal Number : 25₈

Calculating Binary Equivalent:

Step	Octal Number	Binary Number
Step 1	25₈	2₁₀ 5₁₀
Step 2	25₈	010₂ 101₂
Step 3	25₈	010101₂

Octal Number: 25₈ = Binary Number : 10101₂

_{6. Shortcut method - Binary to Hexadecimal}

Step 1 - Divide the binary digits into groups of four (starting from the right).

Step 2 - Convert each group of four binary digits to one hexadecimal symbol.

Example: Binary Number: 10101₂

Calculating hexadecimal Equivalent:

Step	Binary Number	Hexadecimal Number
Step 1	10101₂	0001 0101
Step 2	10101₂	1₁₀ 5₁₀
Step 3	10101₂	15₁₆

Binary Number: 10101₂ = Hexadecimal Number : 15₁₆

_{7. Shortcut method - Hexadecimal to Binary}

Step 1 - Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4 digit binary number (the hexadecimal digits may be treated as decimal for this conversion).

Step 2 - Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 4 digits each) into a single binary number.

Example: Hexadecimal Number: 15₁₆

Calculating Binary Equivalent:

Step	Hexadecimal Number	Binary Number
Step 1	15₁₆	1₁₀ 5₁₀
Step 2	15₁₆	0001₂ 0101₂
Step 3	15₁₆	00010101₂

Hexadecimal Number: 15₁₆ = Binary Number : 10101₂

_{I hope this post will help you understand the concept and you will be able to answer any question on Number System without mistake.}

Best of Luck for December' 15 Exam!!

Who can use this blog!

The aim of the blog is to grasp important points of different topics, rather than the thorough understanding. For detailed study, one must look for other resources. The notes on this blog will help you to develop as much understanding as required to crack the NET/SET exams.

Obviously, I am here not trying to devaluate the importance of text books. Since one can't and will not read each and every topic in details. it is my endeavor to help all my friends to build confidence for this exam in not much time. Though I have just started the journey, I will add many useful notes and Q &A in the mean time. I am sure the study material on this blog will help one to score well in NET/SET exams.

All the Best!!

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Monday, September 7, 2015

Indian Polity Facts: Lok Sabha

Computer Questions for CBSE -UGC NET Paper I

Paper 1 Notes Series: Number systems (ICT)

4. Shortcut method - Binary to Octal

Step 1 - Divide the binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).

Step 2 - Convert each group of three binary digits to one octal digit.

Example: Binary Number: 10101₂

Pages

Menu

Monday, September 7, 2015

Indian Polity Facts: Lok Sabha

Computer Questions for CBSE -UGC NET Paper I

Paper 1 Notes Series: Number systems (ICT)

4. Shortcut method - Binary to Octal

Step 1 - Divide the binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).

Step 2 - Convert each group of three binary digits to one octal digit.

Example: Binary Number: 101012

Pages

Example: Binary Number: 10101₂